Neuro-Physiology
Power of electrical signals
(Strength or amplitude of EEG brain waves)
The more powerful a specific brain wave is, within a specific brain location, then the more intense or severe that specific brain function or symptom will be (based on which frequency is too powerful or too weak for that specific anatomical area of the brain). We often use Neurofeedback to decrease specific brainwaves (frequency bands) that have too much power or we use Neurofeedback to increase specific brain waves in specific locations that have too little power. We can identify which areas of the brain and which types of brainwaves have too much or too little power by performing a Brain Map that shows the exact voltage (electrical strength or power) measured in milliVolts for every type of brainwave at nearly every location in your brain.
Frequency of electrical signals
Timing, rhythm, or speed of brain waves
The frequency of a brainwave expresses how fast that specific brainwave is moving up and down, which in turn determines the type of information or signal that it is carrying. If you train two different frequencies even in the exact same brain location, you will get two different outcomes because of the different information contained in each frequency. Brainwave frequencies work similar to the way other electromagnetic waves in our daily lives carry information. Radio and TV stations, mobile cell phones, and 2-way radios all work by sending information through electromagnetic waves. If you have tuned into a specific radio or TV station, or if you tuned into a specific frequency on a CB/Ham radio or walkie-talkie, then you are familiar with the idea that different frequencies carry different information. Specific radio or TV stations are brought to you through specific frequencies. For example, in Nashville, TN the specific frequency of 104.5 is the sports channel to listen in on our local teams, etc. If we tune into a different frequency we can receive rock music, still a different frequency is country music, etc. In the same way, our brainwaves carry different information through different frequencies. For example, we know that if we “tune in” to our brainwaves between 8-12 waves per second (the Alpha frequency band), in the posterior portion of our brains, this frequency carries calm, alert, and relaxed signals. When we are in deep sleep our brains are dominated by slow brainwaves between 1-4 waves per second (Delta frequency band). If you have migraines or other chronic pain, or high anxiety and a racing mind, you are very likely to have excessive brainwaves that are much faster, between 20-30 waves per second (High Beta Frequency band). This makes sense if you think about it. Slow waves for deep sleep, medium waves for calm/relaxed/alert state, and very fast waves for pai, anxiety, or a racing mind.
Brain Pathway Interconnections
Connectivity of pathways between different locations in the brain
When one area of the brain needs to communicate with another area of the brain, we call this connection a brain pathway. The individual microscopic elements of these pathways are called neurons. There are between 70-100 Billion neurons in the human brain. This is amazing, but the interweb of connections between neurons is staggering beyond human understanding. There can be up to 10,000 connections per neuron through the dendrites and axons that extend from each neuron. This can make 1,000,000,000,000,000 connections between neurons for communication. If a large number of neurons join together to connect different parts of the brain, the pathways said to be stronger. If a small number of neurons are connecting different parts of the brain, the pathways said to be weaker. These brain pathway connections can be demonstrated using our specialized Neuro EP equipment using measurements of brain coherence, phase lag, and synched rhythms, in addition to amplitude/power at each of the specified brain areas. We know approximately how strong various brain pathways/connections should be between different areas of the brain (in other words how clearly and loudly one area of the brain is talking to another area). After we measure the strength of your brain pathway connections, we determine if a pathway is too strong or too weak using a qEEG brain map. Once we have this information, we can then use various forms of Neuro EP treatment like Neurofeedback to slowly train your pathways back to the desired connection strength.
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